Effects of magnolol and honokiol blend on performance,egg quality,hepatic lipid metabolism,and intestinal morphology of hens at late laying cycle

Magnolol and its isomer honokiol are polyphenols with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. We evaluated the effects of magnolol and honokiol supplementation alone or in combination with hen diets during the late laying cycle. A total of 540 Jingfen pink-shell laying hens (50 weeks old) were randomly assigned to six treatments: a control diet and diets supplemented with 300 mg/kg magnolol (M₃₀₀), honokiol (H₃₀₀), or 300 mg/kg total phenols with a magnolol/honokiol ratio of 2:1 (M₂₀₀H₁₀₀), 1:2 (M₁₀₀H₂₀₀), and 1:1 (M₁₅₀H₁₅₀). Compared with that of the control, all supplementation groups had higher laying rates and the M₃₀₀, M₁₀₀H₂₀₀, and M₁₅₀H₁₅₀ groups showed comparatively lower feed conversion ratios. Magnolol and honokiol supplementation increased the Haugh units of fresh eggs at week 62 and alleviated the decline of the Haugh units of eggs stored for 14 days. Compared with that of the control group, the serum total antioxidant capacity of the M₁₀₀H₂₀₀ and M₁₅₀H₁₅₀ groups significantly increased, and all supplementation groups had higher total antioxidant capacity and lower malondialdehyde content in the liver. With respect to lipid metabolism, the M₂₀₀H₁₀₀ and M₁₅₀H₁₅₀ groups had lower total and relative liver weights compared with those of the control and H₃₀₀ groups. The mRNA expression levels of CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1, fatty acid synthase and stearyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 involved in lipogenesis; microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and apolipoprotein B involved in fatty acid transport; and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta were lower in all supplementation groups compared with those in the control. With respect to gut health, the heights of the jejunum and ileum villi significantly increased in all supplementation groups compared with those of the control, and the jejunum villus heights of the M₃₀₀ and M₁₅₀H₁₅₀ groups were higher than those of the H₃₀₀ and M₁₀₀H₂₀₀ groups. The H₃₀₀ and M₁₅₀H₁₅₀ groups had higher mRNA expression levels of zonula occludens-1 in the ileum compared with those in the control and M₃₀₀ groups, whereas all supplementation groups had higher mRNA levels of claudin-1 than that of the control group. In conclusion, magnolol and honokiol improved hen performance and the albumen quality of fresh and stored eggs by improving the antioxidant capacity, liver lipid metabolism, and intestinal health of laying hens. The combination of magnolol and honokiol at a 1:1 ratio may be an optimal choice for hen diet supplementation.     

GC-MS分析香椿子石油醚提取物成分及其体外抗肿瘤活性

采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）及MTT法（MTT assay）对香椿〔Toona sinensis （A. Juss.） Roem.〕的果实香椿子的石油醚提取物组成成分和体外抗肿瘤活性进行研究。气相色谱-质谱法分析结果表明,从香椿子石油醚提取物的甲酯化与非甲酯化样品中共检测出108种成分,这些成分类型以萜类、烃类以及有机酸为主,从甲酯化样品中检测鉴定了67种,非甲酯化样品中检测鉴定了65种,24种为两个样品中的共有成分。在这些成分中,γ-谷甾醇、豆甾-4-烯-3-酮、亚油酸甲酯、棕榈酸甲酯等成分的相对含量均在8.0%以上。提取物对HepG2、THP-1、Hela、MCF-7均显示出一定的抑制作用,其中,对THP-1细胞在最大考察浓度的抑制率为（60.64±1.37）%。     

Indirect and direct effects of salinity on the quantity and quality of total amino acids in Ulva ohnoi (Chlorophyta)

Salinity can affect the quantity and quality of total amino acids (TAAs) in seaweeds indirectly by altering growth rates and thereby diluting or concentrating the amino acid content of the biomass, or directly by altering the synthesis of specific amino acids and osmolytes. This study attempted to partition the indirect and direct effects of salinity on the quantity and quality of TAAs in the green seaweed Ulva ohnoi by culturing it under a range of salinities without nutrient limitation. Both the quantity and quality of TAAs varied across the salinity treatments. Quantity was most strongly related to the growth rate of the seaweed and was highest in the slowest growing seaweed. In contrast, the quality of TAAs (individual amino acids as a proportion of total content) was most strongly related to salinity for all amino acids, although this varied substantially among individual amino acids. Increases in salinity were positively correlated with the proportion of proline (46% increase), tyrosine (36% increase), and histidine (26% increase), whereas there was a negative correlation with alanine (29% decrease). The proportion of methionine, with strong links to the synthesis of the osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate, did not correlate linearly with salinity and instead was moderately higher at the optimal salinities for growth. These results show that salinity simultaneously affects the quantity and quality of TAAs in seaweed through both indirect and direct mechanisms, with growth rates playing the overarching role in determining the quantity of TAAs.     

伦敦白胶和茶：一种既快又安全的用于透射电子显微镜的细菌样品制备方法

【目的】检测乌龙茶提取物是否可作为电子染色剂取代醋酸双氧铀用于细菌细胞染色,使其能在透射电子显微镜下进行观察。【方法】利用伦敦白胶对细菌样品(大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌)进行胶块的制备,再在复染铅与不复染铅这两种情况下对超薄切片样品进行3种不同染色剂的电子染色,之后在透射电子显微镜下观察比较其不同之处。这3种不同的染色剂分别是醋酸双氧铀、0.05%乌龙茶提取物以及0.1%乌龙茶提取物。首先将带有超薄切片样品的铜网悬浮于不同的待比较染液中10?15 min,若需进一步用柠檬酸铅复染,则将经3次蒸馏水冲洗过后的铜网再次悬浮于柠檬酸铅染液中8?10 min。【结果】复染铅的情况下,在透射电子显微镜下无论是大肠杆菌还是金黄色葡萄球菌,利用3种电子染色剂进行染色的结果均非常相似。【结论】实验结果表明,在观察细菌结构中,乌龙茶提取物可以替代醋酸双氧铀进行透射电子显微镜样品的电子染色。     

Hydroxylation of quinocetone and carbadox is mediated by CYP1As in the chicken (Gallus gallus)

Quinoxaline derivatives (quinoxalines) comprise a class of drugs that have been widely used as animal antimicrobial agents and feed additives. Although the metabolism of quinoxaline drugs has been mostly studied using chicken liver microsomes, the biochemical mechanism of biotransformation of these chemicals in the chicken has yet to be characterized. In this study, using bacteria produced enzymes, we demonstrated that both CYP1A4 and CYP1A5 participate in the oxidative metabolism of quinoxalines. For CYP1A5, three hydroxylated metabolites of quinocetone were generated. In addition, CYP1A5 is able to hydroxylate carbadox. For CYP1A4, only one hydroxylated product of quinocetone on the phenyl ring was identified. Neither CYP1A5 nor CYP1A4 showed hydroxylation activity towards mequindox and cyadox. Our results suggest that CYP1A4 and CYP1A5 have different and somewhat overlapping substrate specificity in quinoxaline metabolism, and CYP1A5 represents a crucial enzyme in hydroxylation of both quinocetone and carbadox.     

榆耳不同极性提取物的体外抑菌活性

采用圆滤纸片法,以金黄色葡萄球菌O41ermc、S19NMA1、ATCC25923和大肠杆菌ERcat、EΠ￡R、ATCC25923为受试菌种,对榆耳石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇和水不同极性提取物进行抑菌活性研究。结果表明:榆耳不同极性提取物对不同的菌种均有不同程度的抑制作用。     

舒血宁注射液联合前列地尔注射液治疗糖尿病周围血管病变的临床疗效观察

目的:观察联合应用舒血宁注射液与前列地尔注射液治疗糖尿病周围血管病变的临床疗效和安全性.方法:以药物降低血糖为基础,舒血宁注射液与前列地尔注射液联合应用于78例糖尿病周围血管病变患者,14天为一个疗程,患者在治疗前后行双下肢动脉彩色多普勒超声检测.结果:治疗后,患者的股动脉、胭动脉及足背动脉管径较治疗前显著增加,血流速度较治疗前明显加快(P＜0.05).间歇性跛行症状好转,肢体皮温上升,足背动脉开始有搏动.治疗中无不良反应,亦无出血倾向.结论:舒血宁注射液与前列地尔注射液联合治疗糖屎病周围血管病变是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

Effectiveness of Petasites hybridus preparations in the prophylaxis of migraine: A systematic review

The objective of this review was to evaluate the strength of evidence of effectiveness for Petasites hybridus in the prophylaxis of migraine. Several databases and other sources were searched to identify randomised-controlled trials investigating P. hybridus preparations. Two trials totalling 293 patients (60 and 233 patients) were included in this review. Both trials investigated the proprietary Petasites root extract Petadolex^®. The trials were described in narrative way, taking into consideration methodological quality scores. Pooling of data was not carried out due to the heterogeneity of the results. The extract at higher dose (150 mg) showed a greater decreased frequency of migraine attacks and a greater number of responders (improvement >50%) after treatment over 3–4 months than the extract at lower dose (100 mg) and placebo. Moderate evidence of effectiveness is, thus, available for a higher than the recommended dose of the proprietary Petasites root extract Petadolex^® in the prophylaxis of migraine. Further rigorous studies are required to confirm effectiveness and safety in long-term use before treatment with Petasites root extract can be recommended as an alternative option in the treatment schedule for the prophylaxis of migraine.     

小球藻高附加值生物活性物质“小球藻热水提取物”的研究现状与展望

小球藻是一种食用历史久、营养丰富的微藻功能食品,其中蛋白核小球藻已于2012年被我国批准为新资源食品,并成为国内外正在大力发展与培育的微藻能源及微藻固碳这一战略性新兴产业的主要藻种之一。在积累油脂的同时,小球藻自身还能合成高附加值生物活性物质,其合理利用可平衡微藻能源的高成本。小球藻热水提取物(CE),即商业上宣称的"小球藻生长因子(CGF)",是小球藻有别于其他微藻的主要生物活性物质,在促进生长、调节免疫等方面具有良好功效,且市场售价高。但迄今,有关CE的认识尚不清晰,尚未见CE方面的系统评述。本文对近年来CE的活性研究状况进行了系统的文献调查与梳理,综述了CE在增强免疫、抑制肿瘤、改善代谢综合征、清除自由基、抵御紫外损伤、螯合重金属以及保肝护肠等多个方面的功效,并分析了CE活性研究中存在的问题及CE的发展前景。